sandgrubber

New Finding Puts Origins of Dogs in Middle East By NICHOLAS WADE Borrowing methods developed to study the genetics of human disease, researchers have concluded that dogs were probably first domesticated from wolves somewhere in the Middle East, in contrast to an earlier survey suggesting dogs originated in East Asia. Enlarge This Image Julie Fletcher/Getty Images The dingo was one of the breeds studied to determine where dogs were first domesticated from wolves. Multimedia Graphic From Ancestral Wolf to Modern Dog This finding puts the first known domestication — that of dogs — in the same place as the domestication of plants and other animals, and strengthens the link between the first animal to enter human society and the subsequent invention of agriculture about 10,000 years ago. A Middle Eastern origin for the dog also fits in better with the archaeological evidence, and has enabled geneticists to reconstruct the entire history of the dog, from the first association between wolves and hunter gatherers some 20,000 years ago to the creation by Victorian dog fanciers of many of today's breeds. A research team led by Bridgett M. vonHoldt and Robert K. Wayne of the University of California, Los Angeles, has analyzed a large collection of wolf and dog genomes from around the world. Scanning for similar runs of DNA, the researchers found that the Middle East was where wolf and dog genomes were most similar, although there was another area of overlap between East Asian wolves and dogs. Wolves were probably first domesticated in the Middle East, but after dogs had spread to East Asia there was a crossbreeding that injected more wolf genes into the dog genome, the researchers conclude in Thursday's issue of the journal Nature. The archaeological evidence supports this idea, since some of the earliest dog remains have been found in the Middle East, dating from 12,000 years ago. The only earlier doglike remains occur in Belgium, at a site 31,000 years old, and in western Russia from 15,000 years ago. . .. for full article and illustrations see http://www.nytimes.c...nce/18dogs.html a news treatment of the previous theory (2002), apparently bumped by this one, can be found at http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/2498669.stm

As posted above, I wrote to the Green MP involved. He replied saying there was a misunderstanding. Dogs are not being used as a replacement for a more invasive search, they are being used as a justification for a more invasive search. The dog signals. The police, in effect, have a warrant and can go ahead with the search. Statistical review shows a very high rate of false positives here: dogs signal, police search and find nothing. There is ample evidence, including scientific study, to show that handlers can affect their dogs, and direct their signalling in the case where there is no real scent trigger. I think this IS a problem. Police can use dogs to justify almost any search. It's a violation of civil rights . . . and a sign of poor dog training. I'd think that if dogs were given strong rewards for finding nothing when there was nothing to find . . . and false positives were not rewarded at all . . . not even by the excitement of watching some suspect get searched . .. that the false positive rate would plummet. I'd guess this could be implemented very simply by putting handler/officers on probation is they run up too many false positives and suspending them if the problem continues. In sum, there is a problem. No need to dump the dogs . . . who have unquestionably high ability to detect scent, plus being much cheaper and more portable than electronic scent detection equivalents. That would be like dumping the judiciary because judges had been writing too many search warrants when there was nothing to find. Better to set up a reward structure that recognises that false positives are a problem.

Another observation from Retrieverman. . .. and another weakness in ethology studies linking dog behaviour to wolf behaviour. for full article see http://retrieverman....c-dog/#comments The primary ancestors of the domestic dog July 11, 2011 by retrieverman Canis lupus arabs– the Arabian wolf: And Canis lupus pallipes– the Iranian wolf: According to recent genome-wide analysis, most domestic dogs share many more genetic markers with Middle Eastern wolves than with any other subspecies. Arabian wolves weigh 25-55 pounds. Arabian wolves have the same "small dog" gene that causes very small size in domestic dogs. They also have the fused middle toes on the front feet, a trait they share with basenjis. Iranian wolves go 55-70 pounds, rough the same size as a typical golden retriever. Neither of these wolves are the big "moose-killer" wolves from the northern parts of Eurasia and North America that every knows so well, that everyone sees in zoos, and that everyone thinks are the primary ancestors of the domestic dogs. Research that in anyway compares dogs to these wolves is methodological murky, for these wolves are actually quite specialized in their behavior. These smaller Middle Eastern wolf subspecies are much more generalist in their behavior and prey choices. It might be a better study to compare "primitive" domestic dogs, like dingoes and basenjis, with these wolves. . .. posting the newspaper version of this in the News section . . . when I posted this I hadn't noticed that it was actually a News item and the Retrieverman Blog is commenting on that news.

If some of these animal rights orgs ever get their way, you can say goodbye to your companion dog, may as well replace It now with a hardy stuffed toy! I'm sure It can be a great companion for you and It's rights will never be violated! Take away a working dogs ability to work and you may as well kill them all, Is that what you want What do you suppose will happen if all these dogs were just companions? Sure some may very well adapt to a life of sleeping and eating, but I guarantee many won't! I've said It before every dog has a purpose, take away that purpose and you'll be left with nothing let alone a companion Your right about the animal groups. Dogs are what we make them. Pits are no more natural fighters than GSDs are natural, shepherds. Agility would be better for dogs than seeing them blown to bits on the battlefield. I was taught the Golden Rule (do as you would be done by). I'd rather be blown to bits in my prime doing something that I found satisfying than live to a lonely, depressed, miserable ripe-old age with little that satisfies my inbuilt desires. The dogs to feel sorry for are the social animals kept in solitary confinement in someone's back yard for the duration of their life.

get rid of puppy farming and this problem would go away. I exported two pups to Singapore . . . both to wealthy ex-pat businessmen who were unable to find acceptable Labradors in Asia and turned to Oz cause quarantine is to be avoided for young pups. In researching the process I found some parts of AQIS disgustingly pro-export . . . like, all foreign exchange earnings are good. Wouldn't surprise me if there were some 'regular' exporters who have set up 'efficient' mechanisms for bulk export.

Mobile vets are great and will often give good discounts for a full litter. Figure. They pay $5/vac. It takes an hour or so. If they make $20/pup, a litter of 12 returns a pretty good wage.

My two Lab girls alert bark . . . to flying plastic bags, garbage cans that have been put in something other than their usual place, kids roughhousing next door. Also, if I say 'hello' in a loud voice, they go sailing out the door barking and looking for something to bark at. But I've had people come right up to the door and they just go out and wag and ask for attention, quietly. I'm ok with this. When they bark, they just bark once or twice . . . and the neighbors are happy with the noise level.

Breeders are obliged to 'improve the breed' . . . but there are many opinions about what constitutes an improvement. It's important to educate yourself about your breed and about dogs, dog health, dog behaviour, and dog genetics. Showing has both positives and negatives. It allows you to see lots of other dogs and get to know people in your breed circle. It teaches you how judges are interpreting the breed standard . . . sometimes this is confusing because they don't justify their evaluations and a lot of things seem arbitrary. It may also inculcate a sort of "show blindness" that makes you compete to achieve the modern ideal for conformation and turn your attention away from temperament and health. I think it is more important, as a breeder, to formulate where you want to go with your breed, and the ability to look critically at dogs based on your ideals than it is to be a showie. Eg, if you are not worried about eye colour or tail-set, but are very concerned about whether dogs are calm and make good family members, or whether they can herd sheep, you will find shows are helpful to a degree, but that they wear thin after awhile. If you ever develop kennel blindness and cannot see the faults you would like to improve upon in your dogs, you should hang up your hat as a breeder. But you can critically appreciate dogs without being a showie.

Was the hose for the kids, or the dogs? I assume it's past the point where you could invite the kids to take a walk with you and your dogs sometime to start building something other than malice. I once had neighbour kids who teased cause they were afraid of my dogs and didn't know how to handle their fear. They were fine after they met the dogs and played a few games of fetch. But it sounds like the father is the real problem . . . and the situation is pretty far gone.

Should also consider the genetic factor. Labs are obesity-prone. To me this is a genetic defect, as much as tendency to OCD or HD. Could easily owe to breed history. Labradors are bred from land race that served many functions in the cold coastal regions of Newfoundland and Labrador [Canada]. These dogs were a bit like marine mammals in that they had to face the metabolic challenges of swimming in cold water, and spending a lot of time in freezing temperatures while wet. Evolution has found a good solution to this metabolic challenge . . .blubber. Ok, you can find lots of pictures of slim-and-trim 3 year old Labs doing agility or fetching game. Bfd. Find the same dogs at 10 years. I'll bet most of them aren't so svelt. And lots of Labs end out in family situations where there's some, but not lots, exercise. It's easy to blame the owner / puppy buyer. I think, for the long term good of the breed, Lab breeders need to recognize there's a genetic tendency to obesity, and to look for ways to correct this problem.

Poor Snowflake, and poor owner! It's criminal that the police don't make this a priority. For a lot of us, the dog is family, and dog theft amounts to kidnap. Especially horrid for bull breeds, where the owner may have real, or inflated, fears that the dog has gone to a dog fighting ring. Awful, awful, awful, awful.

Sometimes it takes work to get democratic systems to work. But my guess is that IF people lean on key people in the system (organizers need to identify key people and encourage people to contact them) with the result that a few people get big fines, dogs removed, and / or get thrown in jail, backyard breeders, puppy mills, and pet shops will start toeing the line with respect to health checks and diseased pups.

Great system. If it works. Somebody want a good small business . . . try renting these devices to people with Houdini's. 'For less than a dollar a day, you can keep track of your escape artist' . . .. at $29.95/mo the thing will pay for itself in less than 10 months . . .put people on a 24 month contract like the phone companies do and you've got a license to print money!

email sent to [email protected] You might want to look at the negative reaction to your policy on sniffer dogs. See: http://www.dolforums.com.au/topic/223357-the-greens-say-get-rid-of-sniffer-dogs/ key points * the statistics provided may show a good 'find' rate * most people would rather have a quick sniff over by a dog than have a policeman have them turn out their pockets, ramsack their house, search their car, etc. * you need to compare success of humans without dogs to success of humans working with dogs to do a fair analysis. I'd encourage people to send email to shoebridge as well as posting . . . no point preaching to the choir. [i'm one of those people who would like to be green, and it bugs the hell out of me to see Green representatives taking idiotic stances. The environment needs protection. I wish these idiots would do a better job on their core mission and stop playing footsie with the animal rights crowd.]

Another sad thing about the database is that the more common the breed, the more diseases you find reported. Look at, say, the Golden Retriever, which ranks at near the top of the list for having a broad genetic base in Canine Genome work. You'd think the breed was in deep trouble from the list . . . Factor VIII Deficiency Haemolytic Anaemia Haemophilia A Hemangiosarcoma Lymphosarcoma Sub-Aortic Stenosis Diabetes Mellitus Hypothyroidism Lymphocytic thyroiditis Thyroiditis Allergies Hepatic Encephalopathy, Portosystemic. Hepatitis, Chronic Active Protein losing enteropathy Acral lick dermatitis Acute moist dermatitis Allergies Atopy Dermatitis, atopic Ectropion Entropion Folliculitis Furunculosis Granulomatous sebaceous adenitis Hemangiosarcoma Juvenile cellulitis Pododermatitis Sebaceous adenitis Vitiligo Fragmented Coronoid Process Hip Dysplasia Muscular Dystrophy Myasthenia Gravis Osteochondritis dissecans Osteochondrosis dissecans Behavioral abnormalities Cataract Coloboma Corneal Dystrophy Distichiasis Optic nerve hypoplasia, bilateral Persistent pupillary membrane Polyneuropathy, distal sensorimotor Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) (X-linked) Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada-like syndrome Allergies Pyometra Renal Dysplasia Compare to the Blue Tick Coonhound . . . uncommon in Australia. .. looks like a really healthy breed, only four hereditary diseases, yah, right . Osteochondritis dissecans Osteochondrosis dissecans Globoid cell leukodystrophy Lysosomal Storage Disease A general public breed site says The Bluetick coonhound is a relatively healthy breed but keep an eye out for eye problems (catarracts), hip dysplasia, bloating, hypothyroidism, and luxating patellas. An insurance site says " hip dysplasia, luxating patellas and autoimmune thyroiditis. They may also be prone to bloat. Other sources add Krabbes disease and prone-ness to ear infections. All sources mention HD, which USydney doesn't pick up, no source mentions any of the four (or three, if you count OCD as one disease) problems U Sydney lists. The U Sydney group freely admits that their data say nothing about frequency: "The importance of disorders described in the LIDA catalogue varies in terms of frequency and severity. "

I'd guess it's reversible, but reversing may take an investment in time they don't have. When you say 3 hrs a day, is that 3 quality hours, or just 3 hrs being in the house when the dogs are there . . . and the rest of the time the dogs are alone. If it's quality time, I'd say they could fix things with a bit of help, unless the pup has a built-in temperament that isn't people friendly. Simply separating the dogs is likely to produce separation anxieties . . . maybe they can find someone to help them figure out how to make being alone with them fun for the pup. I feel a bit sorry for the Lab, too.

Where does it say one of the consequences if she doesnt vaccinate is a jail term? The West's article . . . "Consumer Protection commissioner Anne Driscoll used the result to warn dog breeders of their obligations under the new laws and the consequences of failing to meet them. “Ms Armstrong could face compensation orders and even imprisonment if she fails to sell only dogs that are in good health,” Ms Driscoll said." http://au.news.yahoo.com/thewest/a/-/newshome/9802261/trader-forced-to-stop-selling-diseased-pets/

On the plus side, though, repeat performance will put her in deep yoghurt and can carry a jail term. It would be interesting to see a followup on this one. Pretty hard to get rid of parvo in a hurry. Cockburn Shire is not the best run place. I seem to remember a couple councils . . . or was it a mayor? . . . getting sacked by the state. The poor rangers are saddled with everything from enforcing fire regulations, to looking into verge use issues, to running the pound and they've had high turnover. Not surprising that this escalated to state level.

We always did airport to airport and sent it with Australian Air Express. This is relatively cheap and minimizes chances of the semen sitting around somewhere on a shelf for many hours while someone procrastinates on doing the paperwork. You can choose whether to do next flight (more expensive) or same day (which usually means next flight except if things are busy). But I lived 30 minutes from Perth Airport . . . so the drive was no big deal. Probably best to get guidance from a local breeder or vet who knows the system well.

Spearwood WA? There is a two dog limit in Spearwood, and no kennel zones. How does someone run enough of a dog (or puppy) selling business to end out with multiple infringments? Is it just litter after litter from a bitch or two on the same premises?

Outcrossing and backcrossing was essential to the development of many modern breeds. In the Dalmation case, they went 14 generations before gaining acceptance back into the pedigree. The labradoodle is not an outcross/backcross. It's an attempt to design an new breed with intermediate features. As such, it probably fits in the same category as the Rat Terrier (which is a bit older as a 'breed'). Not to mention the landrace from which the Fila Brasiliero was derived, which came from mixing the mastiff type of the day with the anticedent of the bloodhound. If my memory serves, this happened in the 17th century. Ok, if someone chooses to outcross and backcross to eliminate some breed problem, eg, develop a Lab less prone to obesity, they should face a very high standard to re-enter the pedigree system, and it may take many generations to get there. But if they succeed, I'd say they deserve hearty praise. I don't see why some people find a need to jump on the idea. . . especially given how happy some people are to jump on Lab owners for having fat dogs. It would take a long time and careful breeding, but I think those who select Labs for modern work (eg, guide dogs, sniffer dogs, bomb dogs, therapy dogs) would be happier with a dog who needed less care with respect to diet, and who was less subject to heat stress. Not to mention families who want a dog as a pet and would be happy with a little less shedding. You are correct. The effort might fail. If the genes that make Labs prone to getting fat are directly linked to the temperament traits that make the Lab so successful, it will fail. You're also correct, gene splicing might be a quicker way to achieve the same end . . . someday. I expect the pedigree world will have a good long debate about gene splicing and studbooks . . . in a decade or two. You're being silly re coat and temperature. Australia isn't cold. Say you moved to Newfoundland or colder parts of Siberia. Say you wanted to do some winter sports. You'd either be changing breeds, or thinking it would be nice if Howard had a thicker coat. Reworking livestock to suit new environments is old hat. Why should it not be done for dogs? Swimming in cold water -- an important part of the life of the land race from which Labs is the extreme of metabolic challenge cause water has a huge ability to draw out heat. (Not the place to do the physics on this . . . if you don't believe me, ask a physicist, or time how long it takes a hard boiled egg to cool in air vs immersed in ice water, or remember that 'blubber' is almost synonymous with marine mammals). The features that suit a Lab to this become a problem in other climes. Breeding for a thin-coat lab seems to be happening anyway, without outcrossing. The Lab genome contains a fair amount of hound, and 'poor' coats are pretty common. Guidedogs and the police squad generally prefer Labs with 'poor' coats, and the Lab x kelpie was high on the preference list for tracking dogs for the Australian armed forces in Vietnam. Labs couldn't take the heat. If you don't believe there's hound in Labs, here's a shot of the first recognized yellow Lab, Ben of Hyde, taken in 1899. The genes that produced that head went with single coat . . . and those genes are still pretty abundant in the Lab gene pool. They just aren't popular in the show ring . . . and anyone who deliberately bred for them would be attacked for breeding away from the breed standard.

No one said it's 'that simple'. Desexing of pets and prevention of unwanted litters is a step in the right direction. It won't stop the puppy mills. But it will reduce the oops litters. We have subsidized desexing here. A spay or neuter costs about $40 for low income people. It thelps.

Yes there are many slim Labs. Most of them are under 5 years old. It's crass and inaccurate to say the ones who put on weight are fed like feed lot cattle. Most of them are fed like family members. That's the problem. Why is flab so common in Labs? Genetics. You have to be disciplined to keep a Lab slim as a household pet, especially when there are kids around. Discipline is not a widespread human trait these days. Loads of kids ending out underexercised and overweight . . . as go the kids, so go the dogs. I think it likely that, had fat-Lab families ended out with a poodle, they would have ended out with a slim dog And I'm sorry . . . all gundogs are not alike. A GSP or pointer or Weimerarner is no substitute for a Lab. Very different temperament. There is a reason these breeds aren't used as guide dogs and Labs are. I do not believe dog breeds should be fossilized. All the wonderful breeds we have evolved through selection for different circumstances from different mixes of local dog populations. A lot has changed since the late 19th century. Why should dog breeds not continue to change with time and place? The Lab has only been registered for a hundred years or so. Before registration, lots of bloodlines were mixed . . . the St. John's dog was a great foundation for breeding . . . and a bit of blubber would have suited a dog doing water work in a cold climate. The UK isn't all that warm and the double coat was fine for northern europe. Breeders somehow bred out the white paws and blaze of the St John's dog, and added a bit of this and that to end out with something that worked for the tastes of the landed gentry of the day. Spaniels and setters were abundant in the UK and ran with the Canadian land-race imports. Often the identity of the sire was unclear. Someone who was into competitive retrieving might add a little greyhound to increase speed and ability to jump fences. The result was a great, diverse breed, easily trained, low aggression, soft mouth . . . etc. So why stop the evolution of the breed? Why not permit outcrossing and back crossing to modify it for local conditions?

No one's denying it. But its not uniform across all breeds and the proposal of complusory crossbreeding to solve it is not a proven solution. Witness the Labrador x Poodle. It has TWO sets of inherited health conditions, now - more than either of the parent breeds. Health issues resolved? None that I know of. Indeed, it doubled up the chance of inherited PRA. At the very time where advances in reproductive science have allowed breeders to access breeding dogs anywhere in the world, outcrossing seems to me to be a very blunt instrument to solve the problem where it does exist, let alone where it doesn't No one is denying it? PDEII = "Burn the witch?" I agree that outcrossing is a a blunt instrument and unnecessary except in a few cases. But in cases where it is necessary (Dalmatian) it has been fought pretty hard. I'm with you on the labradoodle. Both Labs and poodles are pretty broad genetically, as classed by the dog genome, although I can't speak to all three sizes of poodles. I have not seen that Lab X Poodle doubles chance of PRA, nor do I understand why it should. It is interesting that both Lab and poodle are better than Labradoodle in OFA stats. Personally, if I wanted to outcross Labs for Australia, I'd work toward something that increases tolerance of hot weather and decreases the propensity to obesity . . . perhaps kelpie, maybe even dingo . . . and it might take many generations of back crossing to get back to true Lab temperament and conformation. But I think outcrossing and back crossing might be faster than selective breeding within the breed. I find it annoying that the pedigree world is SO SO down on outcrossing that working toward an Lab suited to tropical and subtropical climates (or other breed redefinitions) would be treated as blasphemy. Double coat, schmubble coat. There are no icy waters to swim in, the proper coat means lots of shedding, and the poor dogs are miserable in summer. Not to mention high vulnerability to being killed by kindness.

Curb just means restrain. It's most often used in reference to misbehaving children. Has nothing to do with the noun 'curb' (maybe it did at one time).