asal

I gather you missed the bit about he did not come with any papers not even a copy of his parents pedigree so certainly not from a breeder who wants to admit the parents may be pedigreed. I met a chap who bought his puppy from a registered breeder but he was given the option of limit or main register almost double the price of the same pup with no papers even though the parents were registered and the pups kept by the breeder registered, so you cant assume anything about the parentage or the seller in that case. rather made me wonder how may are doing that? I darent name names as even the breeder of his previous pet that died of old age before this new one are pretty well known. if he wants to reoport them I think I should leave it to him, I did tell him the practice as far as I am aware is not allowed in the rules for pedigree breeders. that all live pups must be registeered either limit or main. You said he's registered, but is he actually mains registered? I don't think so I don't know his lineage as well. I dint buy him from a breeder. Bought him from a lady who sold in gumtree. I have had him since he was 8 weeks old. He was/is a gorgeous boi. Love him to pieces. It is a shame that I would have to de-sex him without passing on his good looks. I love dogs and he is my first dog. He has changed my life so much and have never seen such loyalty with any other living being in this world. I am emotional but I will go with your advice. I don't want to pass on any bad genes since I dont have his lineage. Thanks and regards, Paz

Forgot to add, the sudden exit was nothing to do with a spider. a MOTH was fluttering along the inside of the windscreen hence why I never accepted another offer to go in a vehicle again.

Yes Its weird how they seem to gravitate to cars. I quite like spiders, far cheaper for eliminating mozzies and flies than oodles of cans of fly spray. But I tend to draw the line when the huntsman decides to come out of hiding and fall into my lap while driving.......uuuuuuuuuuuggggggg no i didnt jump out of the car. He/she had the decency to scoot back into hiding. Although I will never ever forget the day i was a passenger in a friends car when she opened the drivers door and jumped out leaving me and car to roll down the driveway of the property we had just been about to leave. thank god it stoped safely, will ever wonder if she would do the same thing at 60 k ? N no never accepted an offer to go with her again anywhere if she was driving.

Interesting thread and good advice. My sister has a sort of problem, her old dog died recently at 16 so bought two puppies related to her original dog, both are on main register as was the original dog as she prefers the option to be able to show or breed one day. The family of these girls has very good health and soundness records. having said that her previous girl she never did, young children and their classes got in the way. The other day she made comment about the attitude of her vet when she took them for their third vaccinations. She couldnt believe the pressure they put on her to book them for desexing? Went home far from happy at the pressure put on her over the issue so much so she rang me and asked whats going on? she was left feeling that unless she is activly showing her girls then she had no right to leave them entire that she was in some way abusing her dogs. there is no way they can get out nor ever let wander the streets so absolutly no possiblilty of a accidental mating, 16 years of past history surely proves that. She died of old age no complication from living her whole 16 years undesexed and yes i know some can develop problems particularly the males as said above. She is certainly not happy with the attitude of her vet now. I too have noticed the new generation of vets do not seem to even approve of registered breeders, one or two I have met working at my usual vets as locums have voiced the opinion that to breed a litter even a purebred litter only fuels the number of dumped dogs and rescues should be the preferred options for those wanting a pet. wonder where they think the next generation of patients is going to come from? or do they want to be out of a job after they have desexed every patient that comes through the door? is it only me who wonders where the next generation will come from if that happens to all of them

trouble is the biggest pup in a litter at 8 weeks can end up the smallest at adulthood. I will never forget giving the tiny to my friend as a pet, keeping the one three times her sized then by 18 months and the "tiny " already desexed so what do they turn out? mine made 1.3 kg hers grew to 3 kg

Weird isnt it. Not even the breeder knows how big they will grow or for that matter which will really turn out to be the best of the litter. Can only do an (we hope) educated guess. What I dont think is fair, if when we get it wrong we cannot call the new owner of the pet we sold that turned out to be the "show" quality one after all for it to be returned and give them their money back or exchange the pet quality one. Yet how many times have we heard the purchaser of a main registered pup told they are entitled to exchange or refund if the mistake is the other way around? Surely it should work both ways?

Some time ago, early this year , I had a puppy I bred last year obviously turning out to be quite small, so at about the four month old stage found a pet home for her. Some months later received a phone call from the owner she was having difficulty controlling her legs, was fine until then and had never had any problems. As in hypoglycemia or anything thing else, she is a toy breed. Next I get a call she is at vets and in induced coma to reduce brain swelling? Last time I heard that one a friends had ran into a chair leg and had severe concussion, in my case I discovered one of mine some years ago had had a stroke. The vet’s procedure was to induce coma to see if the brain swelling would go down. Swelling's of the brain tends to be serious and offered to take her back for a refund or replacement puppy NO, but they wanted to keep her, even offered a replacement to keep her company both the sick puppy and the owner but this too was refused. Last call I received was some 2 or 3 months ago, to say was home from the vets and all limbs working fine. Believed, thank goodness alls finally ok. Then last week, get a phone call. The dog is relapsing, could they have the other puppy I had offered. Problem was, I kept that replacement puppy till it was 7 months old and finally found a home for it since I had not heard from them for so long. I have now retired from breeding and rehomed all but my non breeding pets so No longer any available. Just how long is such an offer supposed to be on the table after two definite, No, from them? So now I get too yesterday. It’s the RSPCA on the phone, have received a complaint I am breeding from defective dogs. Have a copy of the owners vet report that the dog examined has brain defect, believed by the vet to be inherited? Yet they cant say what it is? So how can they then say its inherited? Now this is the odd bit. Soon as I said I was no longer breeding, the inspector was happy? Will check there is not breeding done anymore and the complainant will be told it’s a civil matter? Wasn’t interested in the fact that the dog in question had never had a sick day in its life, passed its vet checks fine then it was rehomed at 14 weeks? AS we all know any pup born with a fluid retention problem in the brain is long dead before then, one of the reason’s no breeder homes a puppy before 8 weeks anyway. As I tried to explain, in our breed, Chihuahua’s if there is going to be a problem it will invariably surface within 2 weeks of the first vaccination since in the majority of cases the stress of the vaccination will kill any susceptible pups, I remember posting years ago when the “new” improved vaccines came onto the market death rates in a litter zoomed from nil to 7 out of 10 on average didn’t survive their first night after vaccination. When I queried the manufacturer at the time, the reply I received was “get another breed, its only Chihuahuas that are the problem”. At the time I asked who else had lost pups after vaccination and the number of different breeds succumbing was amazing not just Chihuahua’s as I had expected. The owner chose to rack up thousands in vet bills from my first offer to take back the pup and either replace or return the purchase price, even offered a replacement and keep the pup when they refused to return the original pup? I am so over having anything to do with the general public anymore, been ill ever since that call asking for the replacement pup after all this time then to top it off, that RSPCA call. If you breed dogs and ever let a pup go you might not be mad, but maybe you need to be So? If they have been told to sue me through the courts where on earth do I stand in this mess?

We can only hope. Headlines this week included announcing the parole and deportment of Victor Chang's killer, that creature should have life full stop. As the Chang family said, "there is no justice in this country." plenty of consideration for "rehabilitation" for the killer

we had some calves named Freezer, Scotch fillet and Tbone. that way was a constant reminder who wasnt stayping permanantly, the permanants had names like Helen Reddy, Staria, Tanya and so on although Brindle almost ex'ed herself, tried to hook me with a horn so i sort of swung the pliers and they hit her just behind the middle of her horns............geeeeeeeeeee......... she sort of shot all four feet to every point of the compass and hit the ground glassy eyed n tongue lolling frantic call to hubby i learned thats how u 'pole axe' em yiks! anyway she recovered even if not a happy cow for that day, bit too handy with the horns that non lady. loved the day they were removed. she was a part ayshire and they were the long lovely lyre shape quite capable of some serious damage. she made the mistake of deciding to impale hubby and instead they went both sides of his body and into the shed. sooo her horns dissappeared that afternoon she was such a better behaved girl after that. great milker though

Breed clubs and individuals from breeds without clubs were asked to submit their ideas. Not all did. There is provision for changing ages, quite easy, and some breeds already have Yes, it was the breeders who set the minimum ages in Vic but it should have been repro specialists who were consulted. Some breeders get caught up in the emotional side of things. These types of decisions should only be decided with clear scientific evidence of what is best for the bitch and most repro specialists will tell you to breed them young 1-3 years and them once a year, rather that wait until their show career is over and wonder why they don't conceive or leave them 4 years between litters as we tend to do because we don't need another litter yet. What is best for the breeder with their moral beliefs and what is best for the bitch are often very different things. Yes, that is my vets opinion, trouble is when so many breeders think of their dog as a child decisions made do not reflect best practice even for a child. doctors are constantly reminding women that the younger they have their children the less danger and complications for them and the child. same applies to dogs but being seen to be "ethical" and pleasing the ignorant majority is more important than best practice. Unfortunately

yes i go with the why wasnt an autopsy done. we had a border collie who at 7 began threatening people. he became frenzied to get out and was jumping the fence at 7 feet. i came home and as i was walking towards the house he had escaped again and came for me. no matter what i said he didnt react to my voice, his eyes too were glazed. he went for my thoat and as i screamed his name at him at the last minute it was if he was snapped out of a trance. and he fell to the ground very confused. we took him to the vet and yes he had a tumor and was put down. the vet said he was going in and out of trance like behaviour and once the trance like state kicked in he became savage. he believed he may also be in a lot of pain so he was put down immediately. a friends horse began behaving very strangely and by the second week rearing and throwing herself over backwards without any prior warning and again a tumor was found so it can happen to any species I will never forget the look in Nei's eyes that day, it was the look of madness, absolutely terrifying

yes so much more fair. my chihuahua girl bluey had seven "litters" just before this rule came in. so i got 7 pups the first six "litters"comprised one boy in each "litter" and the last "litter" was my long awaited bitch pup. my friends golden retriever in her six "litters" had 14 to 18 pups with and average of 16. total puppies born? for the math's challenged thats 96 puppies. yes very equitable all right. when I objected to the unfairness of such a blanket rule with no regard to the number of puppies born to toy breeds was told to the gratful for what I got. bit like those who didnt have docked breeds leaving the ones with the docked breeds with no backing when the tried to argue some breeds are better off docked. as one who has a friend with an undocked boxer and my kneecap knocked clean off its rightful place three times before i learned to run for safety, Ive no wonder why people prefer that baseball bat removed no Ive never had a docked breed. but now steer very clear of boxers

expect many are wondering what the? well 20 years ago the mothers were told their flawed raising of their child had caused autism. now we have camps that believe its genetic. camps that have discovered overwhelm the "bacterial toxins from gram negative bacteria that inhabit the guts of autistic children." and definate return to normal in the child has occured if done soon enough although the bacteria are so immune to distruction no way has been found yet to remove them permantly once they have colonised. scarey stuff. if medicine has so far to go on so many levels. its weird surely if a pup has a similar problem is automatically the breeders fault no matter what it may be. demonising breeders is not going to encourage anyone to stay a breeder for too long especially the ones who really care about doing their best. Maybe a better heading is the pitfalls of breeding at all :laugh:

http://microbialinfluence.com/ASD.html Gut Microorganisms and Autism: the Latest Research We have collected many research articles to show that the toxins found in microorganisms play an important role in the suspected causes of ASD, in particular, lipopolysaccharide ( LPS) the bacterial toxins from gram negative bacteria that inhabit the guts of autistic children. LPS toxicity works synergistically with mercury and other heavy metal poisonings to expand damage. These heavy metals increase harm from LPS.[1] In addition, LPS decreases glutathione levels making it even more difficult for the body to detoxify heavy metals.[2] One explanation for why symptoms of mercury are so similar to the symptoms of LPS could be the fact that mercury inhibits carbohydrate absorption in the gut. Unabsorbed food does not get into the blood stream quickly; when it remains in the gut, it becomes available as a food supply for bacteria. Consequently, gram negative bacteria multiply and produce LPS. [3] This raises a strong suspicion that some of the symptoms commonly attributed to mercury could be directly caused by LPS and only indirectly by mercury. LPS also renders toxins from Candida Albicans more damaging.[4] The poisonous effects of LPS are so potent that they produce symptoms of autism even without the help of Candida Albicans and heavy metals. All collected experiments on the following website involve laboratory mice injected with only LPS and exhibiting the same symptoms as those in ASD. LPS induces a depressive syndrome, characterized by anhedonia, anorexia, body weight loss, and reduced locomotor, exploratory, and social behavior. This result has been replicated so many times by different research studies that the names, "Sickness Behavior" and "Endotoxemia" are now applied to this condition. [5][6][7] The mission of this website is to collect and display links to some of the available research articles from PubMed, a service from the National Library of Medicine and the National Institute of Health, that link LPS to the varied and diverse symptoms of ASD. We were able to find and collect experiments for almost every possible neurological and biological symptom of ASD in order to prove that most symptoms of ASD, have a corresponding experiment on Medline that proves each is a symptom of LPS toxicity. The articles on this website are just a tiny fraction of the available research The amount of evidence is overwhelmoing, for example, performing a search for "hippocampus lps", in PubMed will retrieve 222 citations. The number of similarities between ASD and LPS toxicity is sufficiently impressive to demand attention and cannot be ignored. The following are symptoms of LPS poisoning; these symptoms are also found in children with autism: BRAIN Reductions in oligodendrocyte or myelin markers A marked cerebral cytokine response White matter injury Changes in amygdala Change in dopamine and serotonin levels Reduction of blood flow to the brain Changes in blood-brain barrier permeability for large (protein) molecules Increased the number of pyramidal and granular cells in the hippo-campus EMOTIONS AND BEHAVIOR Anxiety Depression Reduction in social behavior Lack of social interaction Increase in addiction Lack of exploratory behavior DIGESTIVE Weight loss Breakage and depletion of microvilli The tight junctions widen and become disrupted. IBS and IBD Gut inflamation Leaky Gut Digestive symptoms Disrupted Intestinal Transit LPS is linked to the problems of gluten,soy and dairy in ASD children IMMUNE FUNCTION Increase in TNF alpha. Increases in certain NK cells and monocytes Increases in lymphocytes OTHER Low Levels of Thyroid Low Levels of Glutathione Low Levels of Amino Acids Impairment of Bile Flow Increasing the Number of Viable Candida Albicans An increase in pain sensitivity Researchers at the UC Davis M.I.N.D. Institute found clear differences in cellular responses between autistic children and neurotypical children following exposure to LPS, bean lectin and bacterial agents. At the Institute this was discovered to be a major and important difference between children with ASD and typical children.[8] Many in the ASD community blame mercury in vaccines for causing autism. Note that the vaccines contain LPS or other toxins from microorganisms. It is possible that LPS and other microbial toxins also play a key role in the vaccine damage. "Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is localized at the exterior leaflet of the outer membrane and serves as the major surface component of the bacterial cell envelope. This remarkable glycolipid is essential to virtually all Gram-negative organisms and represents one of the conserved microbial structures responsible for activation of the innate immune system. For these reasons, the structure, function, and biosynthesis of LPS has been an area of intense research."[9] The majority of the research articles involve mice or humans displaying symptoms of toxemia after being given an injection of LPS. Another method to assess the important influence of bacterial toxins is to observe the changes in ASD children after removal of the neurotoxin-producing bacteria. Both Vancomycin and the Specific Carbohydrate Diet (SCD) are treatments for removal of bacteria. Both treatments produce a decrease in the symptoms of ASD. However, the changes from vancomycin were only short term because the bacteria develop a resistance to the medication. Changes from SCD diet are more powerful because they are long lasting. Even adults with ASD who live in group homes have been shown to lose many of their symptoms after being on the diet. SCD now also eliminates beans during the early months of the diet and encourages parents to only use beans later provided there are no adverse reactions. UC Davis M.I.N.D. Institute reports in its findings concerning the reaction of autistic children to LPS, bacterial agents and lectin from beans "may lead to significant advances in the early detection, prevention and treatment of this complex neurological disorder."[8] We are in total agreement, and offer as our own evidence, scientific articles and many positive results from using a diet that eliminates neurotoxin-producing bacteria and fosters intestinal healing. In view of the research, we have to consider Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) a poison, as toxic as mercury and other heavy metals, LPS has drastic consequences for those in the ASD Community. Fortunately, dramatic improvements may result after its removal. Increasing awareness of LPS to doctors, researchers and parents, will hopefully result in an increase in recovery rates for autism. The links on the upper side of this website provide comprehensive research about LPS from around the world. [1] Rumbeiha WK, Fitzgerald SD, Braselton WE, Roth RA, Kaneene JB: Potentiation of mercury-induced nephrotoxicity by endotoxin in the Sprague-Dawley rat. Toxicology. 2000 Aug 21;149(2-3):75-87. [2] Zhu Y, Carvey PM, Ling Z : Altered glutathione homeostasis in animals prenatally exposed to lipopolysaccharide. Neurochem Int. 2007 Mar;50(4):671-80. Epub 2007 Jan 13. [3] Read the articles in the "Treatments for LPS" section of this website [4] Akagawa G, Abe S, Yamaguchi H. Mortality of Candida albicans-infected mice is facilitated by superinfection of Escherichia coli or administration of its lipopolysaccharide. J Infect Dis. 1995 Jun;171(6):1539-44. [5] Singal A, Tirkey N, Pilkhwal S, Chopra K. Green tea (Camellia sinensis) extract ameliorates endotoxin induced sickness behavior and liver damage in rats. Phytother Res. 2006 Feb;20(2):125-9. [6]R. YIRMIYA, Y. POLLAK, M. MORAG, A. REICHENBERG, O. BARAK, R. AVITSUR, Y. SHAVIT, H. OVADIA, J. WEIDENFELD, A. MORAG, M. E. NEWMAN, T. POLLM�CHER (2000) Illness, Cytokines, and Depression Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 917 (1), 478�487. [7]Marvel FA, Chen CC, Badr N, Gaykema RP, Goehler LE: Reversible inactivation of the dorsal vagal complex blocks lipopolysaccharide-induced social withdrawal and c-Fos expression in central autonomic nuclei. Brain Behav Immun. 2004 Mar;18(2):123-34. [8] Link to the anouncement from the M.I.N.D. Institute. [9] Trent, M. Stephen1; Stead, Christopher M.1; Tran, An X.1; Hankins, Jessica V.(2006). Diversity of endotoxin and its impact on pathogenesis. Journal of Endotoxin Research, Volume 12, Number 4, August 2006, pp. 205-223(19) [10]Autism: Effective Biomedical Treatments (Have We Done Everything We Can For This Child? Individuality In An Epidemic) by Rimland, Ph.D. Bernard (Introduction), M.D. Sidney Baker (Author), Ph.D. Jon Pangborn (Author) Boston DAN! April 2005 edition. Page 24

as for autism, how many have seen the reasearch that autism may be caused by toxic bacteria in the gut of the affected? very interesting research, forget the name of the bacteria but apparently is incredibly difficult to remove once it has infected the intestines of the victum.

From all the litrature I have read a 10 year old dog is the equivalent of a 53 year old human. a 5 year old dog is equivalent to a 33 year old. I know doctors prefer to check women that age and over for downes. As they have found the risk can significantly higher than that of younger mothers. until I noticed that research I had no idea the problem was also in the male as well. hence my posting it. http://www.onlineconversion.com/dogyears.htm "Note: It is a common belief that 1 human year is equal to 7 dog years. That is not very accurate, since dogs reach adulthood within the first couple of years. The formula used above is from a canine expert and is a bit more accurate. (as accurate as one can judge these things) The formula is: 10.5 dog years per human year for the first 2 years, then 4 dog years per human year for each year after." I am not against using the older dog as the idea certainly has merit, but learning that means besides the genes they do have age can add some changes that were not there. Yet being the breeder if this does happen the blame lands on you even though you had done your best to ensure soundness was in the parents. Very disheartening a new mutation can end up in the mix through no fault of the breeder. was the reason I posted it. Puppy buyers are being encouraged to blame the breeder when something is wrong, this mindset is not fair, no one I know anyway wants to breed a puppy with problems, genes do as they please and always have. As any genetist can tell you, mother natures likes change.

I cannot get my head around what are these judges thinking? you can get a similar sentance for contempt of court? how is killing a man and giving both him a none commutable sentance of death and his family a life sentance of mourning, no chance of getting their loved one back the sentance for them is life. no I cannot in any way understand how that judge could hand out such a joke and call it anything less. what message is that judge thinking she has handed to the killer or any other moran like him? I think we all feel the message from that judge is she does not value the innocent life lost a fraction of the people who knew and loved him or even the millions who never will but still recoil in horror at this insult of a sentance that is mascerading as 'justice'. I dont know anyone who isnt shaking their head and wondering what is so obviously wrong with those we are taught to trust to bring justice and very hansomly paid for that 'service'?, Suspect, if there were a vote asked yes or no do you think our justice system is fair, let alone the sentance fit the crime. It will get a resounding NO vote from all but the crims.

Ive only seen this once and the entire litter was affected, the vet gave them gluose injections but they all died within 24 hours whatever the cause.

I think owners really need to shop around and dont hesitate to get a second even third opinion. for goodness sake how can any vet justify $99 for a second or third vaccination? we all know places where $40 to $60 is the norm so if you dont call and check first you can discover a heap of difference. recently one had what her owner thought was bladder infection. so choofs off when antibiotics didnt work a ultrasound discovered stones in the bladder. the quote for the op? $600 as owner couldnt afford it she was given back to me, phoned my vet, n quote for same op plus desexing? $400. to his credit the other vet nearly fainted when learned what she was getting her done for and returned half the charge for the ultrasound. makes u wonder doesnt it. same vet who quoted $1600 for patela op on a pup no other vet agreed needed one. so you really do need to ask others before you pay out so much money that quite possibly is not in the best intrests of the pup at all. so beware, as one vet said to me, most of these patella ops are done because they need a next months payment for the new car. I have seen many dogs live long and happy lives with patella without ever needing an op. particuarly in the small breeds like chihuahuas. well remember one lady her first and last litter of 5 pups all with the worst and loosest grade of patella. none had any op and all were still running around at 17 even if they looked like bowlegged jockies once the cartlidge is removed no it dont pop out any more because a groove is cut into it, but arthritis is a given (cut out the cartlidge and so go the growth plates in it) soon as bone begins rubbing on bone. humans get artifical knees. dont see that yet in dogs

I remember when I got my poodle pup, his breeder told me to roll him on his back and pretend to brush him for a few minutes every day lengthing the time hes asked to lay and be brushed. she said it conditions him to the hours that I will be spending as he grows up. it worked a treat. although as he got older at about 11 he would decide at about the half hour mark, time for a break n would give a little growl, times up. it can become quite fun finding little knots you missed first time round, then when you hve them looking all nice styling their coat in different ways. i bought a book on how to do it. my mum bought a standard girl and it was nothing to see mum with tilly sound asleep on the grooming table as mum groomed her .

Is it true that animal welfare groups who rehome are not expected to pay for any later problems that come to the fore as the dogs/cats mature? I know they didnt breed them, but they did sell them. Isnt that the same thing ? A breeder tends to have had to start somewhere yet the breeder of the dogs they bought is not the next on the list for "please explain"

trouble is although as a breeder I would sign people up but trouble is those who dont keep it going if their pup ends up at the vets then its amazing how as the breeder you are asked to chip in if it turns out the pup has developed anything the vet deems heridatory, for example, patella as it grows even though there was no sign of such in it during its first 3 months. in many cases as in the pup i gave away two of three vets did not consider it needed surgery. that pup is only 7 months old the two vets who say no surgery is necessary also point out that surgery at such a young age precludes the very real possiblity of the problem resolving with maturity anyway. ive had two people whose vets have operated on pups before they were 10 months old and expected me to pay because they did not keep their insurance current. none of the ancesters of the three pups I speak of have had any form of patella, in every case they passed all vet checks until after 7 months, yet as the breeder expect to be held responsible for the bills and blame. Ive met one breeder who apparently decided it was less stressful to pay the full first years insurance herself. but that does not remove the guilt of the owners asking you why did u sell me a crippled pup. its no use saying I can only go by what the vet tells me, its a little weird you cop the blame not the vet and subsequent vets who find no fault until the pup matures, they bear no responsibility the buck stops with the fool who bred it. no one else. the reason I am no longer a breeder its not worth the stress. no one wants to hear that you put the best to the best and hope for the best. if you cannot give an ironclad guarantee you are unethical. as any parent can tell you they cant give their unborn child one, yet a puppy buyer expects one? check this story on aging DNA. so even if the parents are clear they can still pass on mutations they dont have themselves anyway http://www.dolforums.com.au/topic/241162-the-pitfalls-of-breeding-with-the-older-generation/

a puppy recentl, had developed slight patella in one leg at 7 months checkup. definately my vet said not going to be any problem. except the new owners vet quoted 1800 to 'fix' the patella? got a third opinion which tallied with the first vet. no intervention necessary. so who do u believe anymore? then there the vet who charges $99 for a vaccination???????????? I know a child who was a perfect candidate for knee reconstruction being warned that if its done a knee replacement will eventually be a certainty down the track as any cartlidge removal guarantees arthritis will result eventually, opted to skip surgery and stick to psyhio instead and sound as a bell 10 years down the track???????????

saw this today. real food for thought in light of the push to wait for your dogs to age before breeding from to help eliminate genetic faults. its already known that the mothers aging eggs in older mothers is a direct cause of higher percentage of downs syndrome and goodness knows how many other forms of damaged dna that then becomes inheritable in the offspring. at least human parents cant be sued (yet?) breeders certainly are held accountable seems we just cant win http://www.nature.co...hey-age-1.11247 Nature | News Fathers bequeath more mutations as they age Genome study may explain links between paternal age and conditions such as autism. Ewen Callaway 22 August 2012 In the 1930s, the pioneering geneticist J. B. S. Haldane noticed a peculiar inheritance pattern in families with long histories of haemophilia. The faulty mutation responsible for the blood-clotting disorder tended to arise on the X chromosomes that fathers passed to their daughters, rather than on those that mothers passed down. Haldane subsequently proposed1 that children inherit more mutations from their fathers than their mothers, although he acknowledged that “it is difficult to see how this could be proved or disproved for many years to come”. That year has finally arrived: whole-genome sequencing of dozens of Icelandic families has at last provided the evidence that eluded Haldane. More­over, a study published in Nature finds that the age at which a father sires children determines how many mutations those offspring inherit2. By starting families in their thirties, forties and beyond, men could be increasing the chances that their children will develop autism, schizophrenia and other diseases often linked to new mutations. “The older we are as fathers, the more likely we will pass on our mutations,” says lead author Kári Stefánsson, chief executive of deCODE Genetics in Reykjavik. “The more mutations we pass on, the more likely that one of them is going to be deleterious.” Haldane, working years before the structure of DNA was determined, was also correct about why fathers pass on more mutations. Sperm is continually being generated by dividing precursor cells, which acquire new mutations with each division. By contrast, women are born with their lifelong complement of egg cells. Stefánsson, whose company maintains genetic information on most Icelanders, compared the whole-genome sequences of 78 trios of a mother, father and child. The team searched for mutations in the child that were not present in either parent and that must therefore have arisen spontaneously in the egg, sperm or embryo. The paper reports the largest such study of nuclear families so far. Fathers passed on nearly four times as many new mutations as mothers: on average, 55 versus 14. The father’s age also accounted for nearly all of the variation in the number of new mutations in a child’s genome, with the number of new mutations being passed on rising exponentially with paternal age. A 36-year-old will pass on twice as many mutations to his child as a man of 20, and a 70-year-old eight times as many, Stefánsson’s team estimates. The researchers estimate that an Icelandic child born in 2011 will harbour 70 new mutations, compared with 60 for a child born in 1980; the average age of fatherhood rose from 28 to 33 over that time. Most such mutations are harmless, but Stefánsson’s team identified some that studies have linked to conditions such as autism and schizophrenia. The study does not prove that older fathers are more likely than younger ones to pass on disease-associated or other deleterious genes, but that is the strong implication, Stefánsson and other geneticists say. Previous studies have shown that a child’s risk of being diagnosed with autism increases with the father’s age. And a trio of papers3–5 published this year identified dozens of new mutations implicated in autism and found that the mutations were four times more likely to originate on the father’s side than the mother’s. The results might help to explain the apparent rise in autism spectrum disorder: this year, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, Georgia, reported that one in every 88 American children has now been diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, a 78% increase since 2007. Better and more inclusive autism diagnoses explain some of this increase, but new mutations are probably also a factor, says Daniel Geschwind, a neuro­biologist at the University of California, Los Angeles. “I think we will find, in places where there are really old dads, higher prevalence of autism.” However, Mark Daly, a geneticist at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston who studies autism, says that increasing paternal age is unlikely to account for all of the rise in autism prevalence. He notes that autism is highly heritable, but that most cases are not caused by a single new mutation — so there must be predisposing factors that are inherited from parents but are distinct from the new mutations occurring in sperm. Historical evidence suggests that older fathers are unlikely to augur a genetic meltdown. Throughout the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, Icelandic men fathered children at much higher ages than they do today, averaging between 34 and 38. More­over, genetic mutations are the basis for natural selection, Stefánsson points out. “You could argue what is bad for the next generation is good for the future of our species,” he says.

saw this today. real food for thought in light of the push to wait for your dogs to age before breeding from to help eliminate genetic faults. its already known that the mothers aging eggs in older mothers is a direct cause of higher percentage of downs syndrome and goodness knows how many other forms of damaged dna that then becomes inheritable in the offspring. at least human parents cant be sued (yet?) breeders certainly are held accountable seems we just cant win http://www.nature.com/news/fathers-bequeath-more-mutations-as-they-age-1.11247 Nature | News Fathers bequeath more mutations as they age Genome study may explain links between paternal age and conditions such as autism. Ewen Callaway 22 August 2012 In the 1930s, the pioneering geneticist J. B. S. Haldane noticed a peculiar inheritance pattern in families with long histories of haemophilia. The faulty mutation responsible for the blood-clotting disorder tended to arise on the X chromosomes that fathers passed to their daughters, rather than on those that mothers passed down. Haldane subsequently proposed1 that children inherit more mutations from their fathers than their mothers, although he acknowledged that “it is difficult to see how this could be proved or disproved for many years to come”. That year has finally arrived: whole-genome sequencing of dozens of Icelandic families has at last provided the evidence that eluded Haldane. More­over, a study published in Nature finds that the age at which a father sires children determines how many mutations those offspring inherit2. By starting families in their thirties, forties and beyond, men could be increasing the chances that their children will develop autism, schizophrenia and other diseases often linked to new mutations. “The older we are as fathers, the more likely we will pass on our mutations,” says lead author Kári Stefánsson, chief executive of deCODE Genetics in Reykjavik. “The more mutations we pass on, the more likely that one of them is going to be deleterious.” Haldane, working years before the structure of DNA was determined, was also correct about why fathers pass on more mutations. Sperm is continually being generated by dividing precursor cells, which acquire new mutations with each division. By contrast, women are born with their lifelong complement of egg cells. Stefánsson, whose company maintains genetic information on most Icelanders, compared the whole-genome sequences of 78 trios of a mother, father and child. The team searched for mutations in the child that were not present in either parent and that must therefore have arisen spontaneously in the egg, sperm or embryo. The paper reports the largest such study of nuclear families so far. Fathers passed on nearly four times as many new mutations as mothers: on average, 55 versus 14. The father’s age also accounted for nearly all of the variation in the number of new mutations in a child’s genome, with the number of new mutations being passed on rising exponentially with paternal age. A 36-year-old will pass on twice as many mutations to his child as a man of 20, and a 70-year-old eight times as many, Stefánsson’s team estimates. The researchers estimate that an Icelandic child born in 2011 will harbour 70 new mutations, compared with 60 for a child born in 1980; the average age of fatherhood rose from 28 to 33 over that time. Most such mutations are harmless, but Stefánsson’s team identified some that studies have linked to conditions such as autism and schizophrenia. The study does not prove that older fathers are more likely than younger ones to pass on disease-associated or other deleterious genes, but that is the strong implication, Stefánsson and other geneticists say. Previous studies have shown that a child’s risk of being diagnosed with autism increases with the father’s age. And a trio of papers3–5 published this year identified dozens of new mutations implicated in autism and found that the mutations were four times more likely to originate on the father’s side than the mother’s. The results might help to explain the apparent rise in autism spectrum disorder: this year, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, Georgia, reported that one in every 88 American children has now been diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, a 78% increase since 2007. Better and more inclusive autism diagnoses explain some of this increase, but new mutations are probably also a factor, says Daniel Geschwind, a neuro­biologist at the University of California, Los Angeles. “I think we will find, in places where there are really old dads, higher prevalence of autism.” However, Mark Daly, a geneticist at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston who studies autism, says that increasing paternal age is unlikely to account for all of the rise in autism prevalence. He notes that autism is highly heritable, but that most cases are not caused by a single new mutation — so there must be predisposing factors that are inherited from parents but are distinct from the new mutations occurring in sperm. Historical evidence suggests that older fathers are unlikely to augur a genetic meltdown. Throughout the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, Icelandic men fathered children at much higher ages than they do today, averaging between 34 and 38. More­over, genetic mutations are the basis for natural selection, Stefánsson points out. “You could argue what is bad for the next generation is good for the future of our species,” he says.